The
mutual interaction of these gifts and accomplishments results in the
perfect man, in whom no one quality usurps the place of the rest.
So much is certain, that in the sixteenth century the Italians had all
Europe for their pupils both theoretically and practically in every
noble bodily exercise and in the habits and manners of good society.
Their instructions and their illustrated books on riding, fencing, and
dancing served as the model to other countries. Gymnastics as an art,
apart both from military training and from mere amusement, was probably
first taught by Vittorino da Feltre and after his time became essential
to a complete education. The important fact is that they were taught
systematically, though what exercises were most in favour, and whether
they resembled those now in use, we are unable to say. But we may
infer, not only from the general character of the people, but from
positive evidence which has been left for us, that not only strength
and skill, but grace of movement was one of the main objects of
physical training. It is enough to remind the reader of the great
Federigo of Urbino directing the evening games of the young people
committed to his care.
The games and contests of the popular classes did not differ
essentially from those which prevailed elsewhere in Europe.
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